Cognitive Strategies And The Risk Of Emotional Contagion

This study investigates different cognitive strategies in which people can reduce the risk of emotional contagion. Schoenewolf (1990, cited in Barsade, 2002, pp. 4) defined emotional contagion as â€Å"a process in which a person or group influences the emotions or behaviour of another person or group through the conscious or unconscious induction of emotion states and behavioural attitude†. This description has been further supported by Hatfield, Cacioppo, Rapson (1992, pp. 153-154) who stated that emotional contagion is when one unconsciously imitates the characteristics of another person, therefore allowing oneself to feel and to be influenced by these emotions. Current Study This research aims to establish what strategy is most efficient in restricting the passing of emotions between people. Participants, referred to as â€Å"therapists† in this study, listened to â€Å"clients† describing a positive or negative situation. Self-reports and facial affect were used as a means of measurement. Participation engagement was also taken into consideration. Two cognitive strategies most relevant to reducing emotional contagion identified by Gross and Thomson (2007) are; 1. Attentional deployment, where one pays greater attention to particular features in an occurring situation. The attentional deployment strategies for this study are; empathic imagery, where one must mentally place themselves in the situation. Dissociation is the second attentional deployment strategy. This involvesShow MoreRelatedPsych Exam Chapter 1216262 Words   |  66 Pages___________________________________ Date: ______________ 1. The definition of _____ is a negative emotional state occurring in response to events that are perceived as taxing or exceeding a persons resources or ability to cope. A) a hassle B) stress C) a stressor D) appraisal 2. Which of the following is the BEST definition of stress? A) the demands that are made on you by other people B) deadlines, daily hassles, or inconveniences C) a negative emotional state caused by your perception that you are unable to cope with eventsRead MoreIncorporation Of Emotions And The Workplace3086 Words   |  13 Pagesclearly define and understand these concepts which have been clearly defined by Robert G. Lord and Ruth Kanfer in their book: â€Å"Emotions in the Workplace,† as the following: â€Å"†¦ Emotional experiences are activated by neural, sensorimotor, motivational and cognitive systems, but neural systems can activate emotions without cognitive mediators†¦ Emotions are generally of short duration, and are associated with specific stimulus†¦ Mood is more enduring, more diffuse and less related to specific stimuli†¦ AffectRead MoreThe Impact of Employee Satisfaction on Quality and Profitability in High-Contact Service Industries10865 Words   |  44 Pagesservice employees to meet the target of productivity performance in the organization and to fulfill customers’ needs and external quality goals. However, there are limited studies that attempt to investigate the relationship between organizational strategies and service employees’ attributes (e.g., Hartline et al. 2000, Sirdeshmukh et al. 2002). Relatively few studies have examined the relationship between service employees’ attributes and service quality (Hartline et al . 2000, Singh and SirdeshmukhRead MoreStrategic Leadership3187 Words   |  13 Pagestheir identity orientations. (Flynn 2005). Germans and Nordics are more reserved in gesture than several Latin nations, whereas Americans and Australians can say precisely what they mean. A be your-self advance can work truth is the best marketing strategy (Cha Edmondson, 2006). The trait theory of leadership is founded on the traits of numerous successful and unsuccessful leaders and is employed to forecast leadership efficiency (Grant 2009). Proponents of a popular view of how individuals respondRead MoreBranding and Its Dangers and Advantages.3940 Words   |  16 Pagesopportunity costs, and lower expected profits, in order to achieve a greater stream of profits in the future. In such a dynamic sense, there is also Brand risk and uncertainty over branding. To most brand managers the notion of brand risk evokes something catastrophic-a natural disaster, an act of sabotage, a technological meltdown- when in fact, the risks most companies face are from strategic missteps. In a study of Fortune 1000 companies that lost at least 25% of their market capitalization in fourRead MoreFamily Centered Care Essay2048 Words   |  9 Pagesand Wilson (2007) discuss the importance of maintaining the child’s routine as much as possible to reduce stress and possible risks of the child developing problems such as sleeping, eating or social interaction problems. According to Hockenberry and Wilson (2007) three to seven years of age they go though preoperational thought of illness and pain, phenomenism and contagion, when they relate to pain as physical and think in terms of things being magic. They may also view pain as punishment for somethingRead MoreMultiple Cho ice Questions for Leadership Management14468 Words   |  58 Pageseffectiveness 9. Recent leadership theories such as charismatic and transformational leadership: a. emphasize rational processes more than rational processes b. emphasize emotional processes more than rational processes c. describe emotional and rational processes as equally important d. de-emphasized both rational and emotional processes 10. What level of leadership processes is emphasized in most theories of effective leadership? a. intra-individual b. dyadic c. group d. organizational Read MoreMultiple Choice Questions for Leadership Management14459 Words   |  58 Pageseffectiveness 9. Recent leadership theories such as charismatic and transformational leadership: a. emphasize rational processes more than rational processes b. emphasize emotional processes more than rational processes c. describe emotional and rational processes as equally important d. de-emphasized both rational and emotional processes 10. What level of leadership processes is emphasized in most theories of effective leadership? a. intra-individual b. dyadic c. group d. organizational 11Read MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Essay4334 Words   |  18 Pagesnotional and practical challenges with regard to achieving an accurate assessment. Several strategies may be adopted by primary health care providers to assist patients with both acute and chronic forms of PTSD and various scales exist to measure severity and frequency of PTSD symptoms. Because not every traumatised person develops PTSD, researchers are still trying to understand what causes, and increases, the risk of developing PTSD. So far, most of our knowledge of PTSD comes from war survivors, peopleRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour Cheat Sheet3987 Words   |  16 Pagespersonality concept that consist of more specific traits(self-worth,competence,capability).Learning-permanent change in behavior due to experience.Categories of Learning skills:practical(job-spec,knowledge),intrapersonal(problem solving, critical thinking,risk taking),interpersonal(communicating,teamwork),cultural awareness(social norms,company goals,expectations,priorities).Operant Learning-by which learns to operate on environment to achieve results.Reinforcement(process by which stimuli strengthen behavior):positive(maintains

John Calvin Essay - 621 Words

John Calvin There are many people in history who have made a very big impact on their culture, times, and or religion. John Calvin was by far one of these few great people. He had such a big influence in the time which he lived from 1509 to 1564. John Calvin devoted almost his whole life to the promoting of Protestantism and made such a difference that his impact is still seen today in Christianity. Calvin was born in France and was the second son in his family of five brothers. He grew and then decided to go to the famous University of Paris to study to be a priest. His father then had a conflict with the bishop who employed him so he then turned to the study of law. While he was studying in Paris he†¦show more content†¦It did not turn out his way at all. This resulted in anti-Protestant protests all over Paris, forcing him to flee for his own safety. He roamed Tramontana 2 from place to place and then ended up in Basle, Switzerland. This is where he started his writing. You see John Calvin was considered a quiet, timid natured man. The kind of man who would never fight in disputes. In his time there he really got to do the things he wanted to accomplish out of life. These were to study and learn about God and his holy word. After this he went to Geneva after getting kicked out for his teachings he got invited back to help turn the city around spiritually. He never held a political office in Geneva but he ruled with strictness and sin was punished. He had laws passed to promote Christian behaviour. Persecuted Protestants fled from all over Europe to reside here. One last thing Calvin is known for is his theology. This is put together in a Calvinism. The ideas of the Calvin doctrine are men are completely unable to save themselves with their own works. Salvation is a matter of God’s choosing those who will be saved, and that God chooses without any consideration of a man’s good works. If someone is chosen of God, there was no way they could ever reject Christ or fail to endure to the end of their Christian life. Finally, he taught that Jesus died only for theShow MoreRelatedAn Essay of John Calvin932 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Calvin was born on July 10, 1509 in Noyon, France. In those days the most important man in Noyon was a bishop whom Calvins father was a secretary to. It was a factor that made his father decided that Calvin would get a religious education. At fourteen his father sent him to the University of Paris to be trained to be a priest by studying theology. He received a thorough conservative training in Catholic faith at this university. His fathers affairs with the bishop fell out, again playingRead MoreJohn Calvin Essay1770 Words   |  8 PagesAt an early age, John Calvin found his calling to God to the chagrin of his father, who wanted him to be a lawyer. This calling to God helped Calvin bring about changes to the church. Even though Calvin traveled to some isolated spots in Europe preaching his sermons, the changes occur red all throughout Europe and then into the Americas. All these changes began humbly in France in the early 1500s. According to Lord, John Cauvin or Calvin as we know him, was born July 10th, 1509 in Noyon, whichRead MoreJohn Calvin Research Paper1427 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Calvin Research Paper John Calvin was born in July 10, 1509, Noyon, Picardy, France. He died in May 27, 1564, Geneva, Switz. His education career was a mixture of both theologian and statesman because he study law at the University of Paris. Beside that he also get exposed to Renaissance humanism that influenced by Erasmus and Jacques. Even though Calvin study law but he only do it for his father will, of wanting him to become a lawyer. However, throughout the course of his life, he is primarilyRead MoreMartin Luther And John Calvin1069 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther and John Calvin were both leaders in the Protestant Reformation. Martin Luther was a monk, or priest, in the Augustinian friars’ order and his ideals were that Catholicism were corrupting the New Testament beliefs and people were saved by faith alone not by buying their way into heaven. John Calvin studied law â€Å"but in 1533 he experienced a religious crisis, as a result of which he converted from Catholicism to Protestantism . Calvin believed that God had specifically selected him toRead MorePrimary Source Analysis : John Calvin962 Words   |  4 Pages4th December 2015 Primary Source Analysis - John Calvin: On Predestination In 1536, John Calvin was a French lawyer and theologian who lived in Geneva, Switzerland. He published a book titled Institutes of the Christian Religion. Originally published his work in Latin but subsequently translated into different European languages. The Institutes outlined Calvin’s basic philosophies on â€Å"predestination† as a precondition for salvation. Calvin, like many Christian reformers during the ReformationRead MoreJohn Calvin s Influence On Society1307 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Calvin was born in Noyon, France on July 10th 1509. At fourteen he was sent to Paris to study theology, and developed an interest in the writings of Augustine. Calvin was able to receive his Master’s degree at the age of 19. His father then insisted that he take up law instead, wanting his son to follow in his footsteps. But he returned to theology when his father died. Similar occurrences are still a global issue, especially in strict traditional households. Students are forced to study andRead MoreMartin Luther : Freedom Of A Christian And John Calvin1147 Words   |  5 PagesChristian and John Calvin: Articles Concerning Predestination and The Necessity of Reforming the Church, contained similarities and differences in regards to Church reforms while St. Ignatius of Loyola: A New Kind of Catholicism specifically had slightly differently ideologies in regards to the repentance of sins. All in all, these three models disagreed on many points of the doctrine and church, which created the increase of fractures within Christian Piety. Martin Luther s and Calvin s ideas wereRead MoreJohn Calvin on Gods Divine Providence Essay1360 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Calvin on Gods Divine Providence In John Calvins Institutes of the Christian Religion he spends a great deal of time expounding his doctrine of Gods Divine providence in all of creation. He explains not only how God continually governs the laws of nature, but also how God governs mans actions and intentions to bring about His own Divine Will. Calvin believes that Gods providence is so encompassing in creation that even a mans own actions, in many ways, are decreed by God. BecauseRead MoreMartin Luther And John Calvin Views On Sinful People1908 Words   |  8 PagesMartin Luther and John Calvin  ­ Views on Sinful People Justification by faith (Sola Fide), the core value of the Reformation, is the belief that righteousness from God is a recompense for sinner s accounts through faith alone. The sixteenth- century movement for the reform of abuses in the Roman Catholic Church resulted in the establishment of the Reformed and Protestant Churches. Reformers like Martin Luther and John Calvin were two of the most significant figures in the history of The ReformationRead MoreWhat Influence Did John Calvin Have On Church History787 Words   |  4 PagesWHAT INFLUENCE DID JOHN CALVIN HAVE ON CHURCH HISTORY John Calvin was born at Noyon, France, on 10 July 1509, the son of a notary. He went to the University of Paris in 1523 (it was not unusual to attend university at so young an age), where he learned Latin from the humanist Mathurin Cordier. He developed a strong love of languages and earned his Master of Arts in 1528 in theology. Then, in 1532, Calvin experienced a spiritual conversion. It was typical of Calvin that he gives us virtually no

Student loans Essay Example For Students

Student loans Essay The federal government has the power to cutback the funding of student loans. There are several different ways the government can go about doing this. One way is to keep the amount of each loan the same and reduce the number of loans granted. Another option the government has is to reduce the amount of each loan and issue the same number as in the past. Either way, students that belong to a low-income family will be greatly affected. Cutbacks in the funding of student loans have several effects. One effect is less fortunate individuals will miss the opportunity of attending college. However, it is not that the poor are unintelligent, but can not afford to attend college without a loan. There is no such rule, which states that rich people are smarter then poor people. This rumor may seem true because in the past there has been a higher success rate in wealthy students when compared to the less fortunate students.For example, a student wants to attend college but his parents monthly income is barely enough to cover the rent, bills, and food. He can work a part-time job on the side but between the tuition and the cost of books, there still is not enough money. In a case such as this, young adults will be forced to drop out of school and into the work field. Student loans help low-income families to achieve their highest potential. Another effect is that many colleges will become financially burdened. The amount of money a school receives depends on the number of students enroll ed. This money is divided among the schools fixed costs that include teacher salaries, programs, new equipment, and campus beautification. With a decrease in students several sacrifices will have to be made. For example, there might not be enough money to pay all the teachers that are currently staffed. As a result many of them will be laid off. There will also be a cutback in the number of classes, which are being offered due to the limited staff. Equipment such as microscopes, computers, and lab supplies will not be updated and replaced as quickly as well. College sports programs maybe one of the first to be cancelled because given such tight budget educators will want to put their funds toward academics. Finally, the economy as a whole will suffer. In toadays work field businesses usually search for well-educated individuals to add to their successful team. As student enrollment drops there are less educated students that graduate. This makes it difficult for businesses to find i ndividuals with the right knowledge, training, and skills for open positions. When a business is understaffed, they have a difficult time in keeping up with the speed of technology. For example, a company that deals with business marketing would be more than happy to hire an individual who took classes in advertising, economics, banking, and statistics. If an applicant is not educated in this type of field but has little to some experience, businesses are likely to turn them away and wait for someone who is qualified for the position. Individuals who are not properly educated do have other options in today’s work field, but a majority of those jobs will be minimum wage or close to minimum wage. In conclusion, the federal government should reconsider cutting-back student loans. These loans provide many individuals whom are financially challenged an opportunity to change their lives for the better. Colleges that have large enrollment are financially capable in expanding their c urriculums and offering its students the latest equipment. With nothing but the best, students will be prepared for the future that lies ahead of them. Bibliography: